Russian Diplomats:
Transformation of a Professional Group under the Influence of Historical Events of the First Half of the Twentieth Century
Ivanova E.Yu.
Cand. Sci. (in Econ.), Senior Researcher, Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia ele6248@yandex.ru
Ivanova E.Yu. Russian Diplomats: Transformation of a Professional Group under the Influence of Historical Events of the First Half of the Twentieth Century. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2025. No 10. P. 103-116
The article presents some results of the analysis of the features of the formation of a diplomats professional group in the context of social transformations in the process of historical development of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The purpose of the study is to refute or confirm the hypothesis that social changes on the Russian soil (objective and subjective) do not have a decisive impact on the trajectories of intergenerational social mobility. The information base of the study is the biographical and encyclopedic reference books published in recent years about the last tsarist diplomats, the first diplomats of the Soviet era, career diplomats of the post-war years and modern representatives of the foreign ministry, publications on the problems of the formation of diplomacy in Russia, memoirs and interviews in the media of domestic diplomats. The relevance and novelty of the comprehensive study (in total, more than 4000 personalized data on domestic diplomats were analyzed) is associated with insufficient attention to the research devoted to this closed, small, elite group of professionals with significant educational, cultural and political capital, high status position and role in society. An original author’s approach to the study of the information array was used. The author analyzes educational and professional trajectories of different generations of diplomats, as well as the national, class and class composition of the Foreign Ministry, and vector of social mobility.
Belkovets L. P. (2016) First Steps of Soviet Diplomacy (From the History of Russian Legislation on Diplomatic Law). Mezhdunarodnoe pravo [International Law]. No. 1: 42–79. DOI: 10.7256/2306-9899.2016.1.17122. (In Russ.)
Chernyavsky S. I. (2016) Diplomacy of Russia. Experience of the First World War. Moscow: TD Adgoritm. (In Russ.)
Clark G. (2018) Fathers and Sons. Surnames and History of Social Mobility. Transl. from Eng. by N. Edelman; scient. ed. A. Volodin. Moscow: In-t Gaidara. (In Russ.)
Demyanenko I. (2017) From the Diplomatic Agency of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs to the Representative Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian State. Historical and Legal Essay on the 50th Anniversary of the Representation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg. Mezhdunarodnaya zhizn [International Affairs]. No. 2: 152–165. (In Russ.)
Doktorov B. Z., Zborovsky G. E. (2021) Generational approach to modern domestic sociology: all-Russian and regional aspects. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 11: 79–90. DOI: 10.31857/S0132162500157429
From the Frontiers of the Front to the Diplomatic Frontiers (2020). Ed. by P. V. Stegniy, N. M. Barinova. Moscow: “Kanon+”. (In Russ.)
Grigoriev B. N. (2010) Everyday Life of Tsarist Diplomats in the XIX Century. Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya. (In Russ.)
Ivanov Y. V. (2022) The first Soviet diplomats. NKID RSFSR/USSR. 1917–1941. Moscow: Pero. (In Russ.)
Ivanov Y. V., Ivanova E. Y. (2021) Last Diplomats of the Russian Empire. 1900–1917. Moscow: Pero. (In Russ.)
Ivanova E. Y. (2021) Sociological Retrospective Analysis of the Principles of Recruiting in the Diplomatic Services of Russia. Teoriya i praktika obschestvennogo razvitiya [Theory and Practice of Social Development]. No. 10(164): 49–62. DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2021.10.7. (In Russ.)
Ivanova N. I. (2021) Germans in the diplomatic service in the Russian Empire. In: Historical path of Russia: from the past to the future. In 3 vol. Ed. by S. Bugashev, A. Minin. St. Petersburg: 161–167. (In Russ.)
Kovalev A. (1993) The ABC of Diplomacy. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. (In Russ.)
Kryshtanovskaya O. V., Lavrov I. A. (2023) Higher education in Russia: elite vs elitist? Mir Rossii. Sotsiologiya. Etnologiya [Universe of Russia. Sociology. Ethnology]. Vol. 32. No. 4: 138–159. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X‑2023-32-4-138-159. (In Russ.)
Kuznetsov A. I. (2014a) “Dominance” of foreigners in the diplomatic service of the Russian Empire: myth and reality. Novaya i noveishaya istiriya [New and modern history]. No. 4: 104–109. (In Russ.)
Kuznetsov A. I. (2014b) Prototypes of MGIMO: From the History of Special Diplomatic Education in Russia. Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta [Bulletin of MGIMO-University]. No .1 (34): 64–71. (In Russ.)
Mikhailovskii G. N. (1993) Notes: From the history of the Russian foreign policy department. 1914–1920. Vol. 1. Moscow: International Relations. (In Russ.).
Mironov B. N. (2017) Historical Sociology of Russia: in 2 parts. 2nd ed., rev. and add. P. 1. Textbook for Academic Bachelor’s Degree. Moscow. (In Russ.)
People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs at the Stage of Formation of the USSR. (2002) Essays on the History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Moscow: OLMA PRESS Publ. Vol. 2. (In Russ.)
Pokatov D. V., Pokatov D. V. (2020) The role of sociology in the formation of elite education in Russia: social practices, problems. In: VII Dylnov Readings. Saratov: Saratovskii istochnik: 193–199. (In Russ.)
Zhuravlev A. F. (2005) On the statistics of Russian surnames. I. Voprosy onomastiki [Questions of onomastics]. No. 2: 126–146. (In Russ.)
Zonova T. V. (2002) Stages of the formation of the Russian diplomatic service. In: Diplomatic Service. Moscow: ROSSPEN: 3–22. (In Russ.)


print