The Digital World and its Inhabitants

The Digital World and its Inhabitants


Kryshtanovskaya O.V.

Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Director, Scientific Center of Digital Sociology ”Yadov-center“, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia. olgakrysht@yandex.ru

ID of the Article: 10929


For citation:

Kryshtanovskaya O.V. The Digital World and its Inhabitants. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2026. No 4. P. 121-131



Abstract

This article attempts to understand the social structure of society in the digital space. Drawing on concepts by P. Bourdieu, M. Castells, M. Granovetter, and others, the features, characteristics, and elements of the social topology of virtual reality are explored. The most influential group in this world – the digital upper class, consisting of the netocracy (“digital barons,” platform owners, IT giants, etc.) and digital avatars of the state – is examined. The conflict between the hierarchical logic of the traditional state and the network principles of the netocracy is explained, which can give rise to new threats: cyberwarfare, loss of control over infrastructure, and the capitalization of social influence formed on the basis of popularity. The concept of “network people” is introduced as a set of actors with a transforming identity. An attempt is made to compare the phenomenon of “network people” with traditional civil society. Two large groups are identified, which owe their emergence to the global network and are united by similar professional tasks: the delivery class and the PR class. Attention is paid to the hybridity characteristic of virtual actors.


Keywords
digitalization; virtual world; social structure; netocracy; digital state; influencers; avatars; social groups; communities; digital upper class
Content No 4, 2026