Ignoring Red Flags:
When Work Takes Priority Over Health
Chigrina V.P.
Leading Specialist, Department of Strategic Healthcare Development of the Russian Research Institute of Health Moscow, Russia. chigrinavp@mednet.ru
Tyufilin D.S.
Head of Department, Department of Strategic Healthcare Development of the Russian Research Institute of Health Moscow, Russia. tyufilinds@mednet.ru
Chigrina V.P., Tyufilin D.S. Ignoring Red Flags: When Work Takes Priority Over Health. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2025. No 9. P. 140-146
This article presents the results of a sociological study analyzing the factors influencing citizens’ decisions to seek medical care when experiencing warning symptoms. Based on a representative survey of 2,717 respondents from 85 regions of the Russian Federation, it was found that a significant proportion of the population tends to ignore potentially dangerous symptoms while continuing work activities. The study revealed that psychosomatic manifestations – such as apathy (83.5 %) and loss of appetite (84.5 %) – are most frequently disregarded, whereas objective pathological markers, including blood in urine (70.3 %) and chest pain (56.1 %), more often prompt individuals to seek medical attention. Statistical analysis identified significant correlations between delayed medical consultation and sociodemographic factors (male gender, younger age), low socioeconomic status, and psychological attitudes (fatalism, feelings of shame). To address this issue, comprehensive measures are needed, including raising public awareness about warning symptoms, emphasizing the importance of timely disease diagnosis, and improving healthcare accessibility.
Barbour J. B., Rintamaki L. S. et al. (2012) Avoiding Health Information. Journal of health communication. Vol. 17. No. 2: 212–229. DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2011.585691.
Bergstrom G., Bodin L. et al. (2009) Sickness presenteeism today, sickness absenteeism tomorrow? A prospective study on sickness presenteeism and future sickness absenteeism. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. Vol. 51: 629–638. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a8281b.
Fritz C. D.L., Otegbeye E. E. et al. (2023) Red-flag signs and symptoms for earlier diagnosis of early-onset colorectal cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Vol. 115. No. 8: 909–916.
Gosselin E., Lemyre L., Corneil W. (2013) Presenteeism and absenteeism: differentiated understanding of related phenomena. Journal of occupational health psychology. Vol. 18: 75–86. DOI: 10.1037/a0030932.
Gustafsson K., Marklund S. (2011) Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: a Swedish prospective cohort study. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. Vol. 24: 153–165. DOI: 10.2478/s13382-011-0013-3.
Jourdain G., Vézina M. (2014) How psychological stress in the workplace influences presenteeism propensity: a test of the demand-control-support model. European Journal of Work and Organisational Psychology. Vol. 23: 483–96. DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2012.754573.
Lakiša S., Gobina I. et al. (2025) Reasons behind sickness presenteeism: insights from four national surveys in Latvia. Frontiers in public health. Vol. 13: 1549076. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1549076.
Leerar P. J., Boissonnault W. et al. (2007) Documentation of red flags by physical therapists for patients with low back pain. The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy. Vol. 15. No. 1: 42–49. DOI: 10.1179/106698107791090105.
Lohaus D., Habermann W. (2019). Presenteeism: A review and research directions. Human Resource Management Review. Vol. 29. No. 1: 43–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.02.010.
Mekonnen T. H., Tefera M. A., Melsew Y. A. (2018) Sick at work: prevalence and determinants among healthcare workers, western Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine. Vol. 30: 2. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0213-4.
Persoskie A., Ferrer R. A., Klein W. M.P. (2014) Association of cancer worry and perceived risk with doctor avoidance: an analysis of information avoidance in a nationally representative US sample. Journal of behavioral medicine. Vol. 37. No. 5: 977–987. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-013-9537-2.
Pohl H. (2022) Red flags in headache care. Headache. Vol. 62. No. 4: 534–535. DOI: 10.1111/head.14273.Ramanayake R. P.J.C., Basnayake B. M.T.K. (2018) Evaluation of red flags minimizes missing serious diseases in primary care. Journal of family medicine and primary care. Vol. 7. No. 2: 315. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_510_15.
Ristvedt S. L., Trinkaus K. M. (2005) Psychological factors related to delay in consultation for cancer symptoms. Psycho-oncology. Vol. 14. No. 5: 339–350. DOI: 10.1002/pon.850.
Scott S., Walter F. (2010) Studying Help-Seeking for Symptoms: The Challenges of Methods and Models: Studying Help-Seeking for Symptoms. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. Vol. 4. No. 8: 531–547. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00287.
Smith L. K., Pope C., Botha J. L. (2005) Patients’ help-seeking experiences and delay in cancer presentation: a qualitative synthesis. The Lancet. Vol. 366. No. 9488: 825–831. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67030-4.
Vanderpool R. C., Huang B. (2010) Cancer Risk Perceptions, Beliefs, and Physician Avoidance in Appalachia: Results from the 2008 HINTS Survey. Journal of health communication. Vol. 15. No. 3: 78–91. DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2010.522696.
Welch E. (2011) Red flags in medical practice. Clinical medicine (London, England). Vol. 11. No. 3: 251–253. DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-251.
Yousaf O., Grunfeld E. A., Hunter M. S. (2015) A systematic review of the factors associated with delays in medical and psychological help-seeking among men. Health psychology review. Vol. 9. No. 2: 264–276. DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2013.840954.


print