Formation of the sociology of family in Russia
Gurko T.A.
Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Leader Scientific Researcher, Institute of Sociology FCTAS Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia tgurko@yandex.ru
Gurko T.A. Formation of the sociology of family in Russia . Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2018. No 6. P. 40-52
The backgrounds of Russian sociology of family were analyzed in several domestic works. The task of this article is to continue these historical digressions by describing dynamics of transformation of methodology and subjects of family sociology with a focus on research activities of Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The six historical periods that differ by size and directions of theoretical and empirical works were highlighted, including period of “vacuum” of 1930–1950 years of Stalin’s dictature. In prerevolutionary period the backgrounds of family sociology at the theoretical level based mainly on the works of philosophers and writers, at the empirical level – on the ethnographic studies. The period of revival of sociology of family on the territory of former USSR, the formation of research teams in Leningrad, Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Minsk, Vilnius, Tartu, and the development of international collaborations with capitalist and socialist countries are described in greater detail. The main research themes in this time were the dynamics of ethno-national marriages and family traditions, the factors of destabilizations of young families, the role of family as a main agent of socialization, as a factor of limitation of alcohol consumption, reconciliation of professional and family roles by married women, the reasons and consequences of divorces etc. The interconnectedness of thematics of marriage and family in soviet time with demographic problems of country are analyzed: reducing of birthrate, the increasing of divorces and extramarital birthrate. The changing theoretical approaches and problematics in postSoviet time of radical transformation of marital and family relations in Russia are described. Since the beginning of 1990s, there was an active assimilation of the Western theories like gender and socioconstructivist approaches, widespreading qualitative methodology in studying the new practices in private life of Russians in fast-changing society, the development of international projects. Rather new topics of research were family violence, foster families, influence of religions on family relations, the consequences of dependency of nonworking wives, the problems of unmarried mothers in the new socioeconomic conditions etc. The institution of parenting became a new direction of study. Since 2010th, many works were practically oriented on effectiveness of family policy in Russia. In conclusion, some future directions of research are defined.
Aristova N. G. (2000) Family in Church Parish: Peculiarities of Vital Activity. Report of the project. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Achildieva E. F. (ed.) (1997) Untypical Family: Mode of Life and Status in Russian Society. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Ananieva V. T. (2013) Towards the problem of research of ethnical identity in interethnic families. Sotsiologiya [Sociology]. No. 2: 39–46. (In Russ.)
Antonov A. I., Matskovsky M. S., Maddock J. W., Hogan M. J. (eds.) (1995) The Family on the Threshold of the Third Millennium. Moscow: Tsentr obshchechelovecheskikh tsennostey. (In Russ.)
Antonov A. I. (2007) Family Mode of Life in Rural Russia. Moscow: Izd. dom Clyuch-S. (In Russ.)
Antonov A. I. (ed.) (2010) Sociology of the Family: Handbook. Moscow: INFRA-M. (In Russ.)
Archangel’skiy V.N. (2015) Assistance to families with children in Russia: an assessment of demographic efficiency. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 3: 56–64. (In Russ.)
Balabanova E. S. (2000) Dependence of women: theoretical approaches to study. Gendernye issledovaniya [Gender studies]. No. 4: 266–277. (In Russ.)
Barzanov V. B. (1913) About Responsibilities of the Christian. 9th ed. Ed. by I. L. Tuzov. Saint Petersburg: Gostiny Dvor. (In Russ.)
Bezrukova O. N. (2014) Parenthood models and parents potential: intergenerational analysis. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 9: 85–97. (In Russ.)
Berdayev N. (2014) Metaphysics of Sex and Love. Self-knowledge (collection). Moscow: Publishing House: Bertelsmann Media Moskau AO. (In Russ.)
Bokova T. L. (2007) Main trends of development of interethnic family in Russian society. Izvestia TGU [TGU News]. Tomsk. Vol. 311. No. 7: 103–106. (In Russ.)
Bulgakov S. N. (1991) Sex in the human. In Russian Eros or philosophy of love in Russia. Origin. by V. P. Shestakov. Moscow: Progress: 307–319. (In Russ.)
Burhanova F. B. (2004) Modern Marriage in Bushkortostan. Ufa: RIO BashGU. (In Russ.)
Burhanova F. B. (ed.) (2016) Foster Family in Modern Russia: Collective Monograph. Ufa: RIA BashGU. (In Russ.)
Chernova Zh. (2012) Family policies in Western European countries: the models of fatherhood. Zhurnal Sotsiologii i Sotsialnoy Antropologii. [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology]. Vol. XIV. No. 1: 103–122. (In Russ.)
Chernova Zh.V. (2013) Parenting in modern Russia: government policy and civil initiatives. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny [The Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes Journal]. No. 1: 51–61. (In Russ.)
Dolbic-Vorobey T.A. (2003) Students about the problems of marriage and fertility. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.11: 78–83. (In Russ.)
Dementieva I. F. (1991) The First Years of Marriage. Problems of Formation of a Young Family. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Dementieva I. F. (1995) Family in the system of starting living conditions of seniors. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.6: 130–140. (In Russ.)
Denisovskiy G. M., Smirnov A. I. (1999) New trends in the adaptation of the former officers‘ families to civilian life. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 8: 46–52. (In Russ.)
Dubakin D. N. (1880) The influence of Christianity on family life of Russian society in the period up to the time of appearance of the “Domostroy”. Khristianskoe chtenie [Christian reading]. No. 7–8: 3–91. (In Russ.)
Eliseeva I. I., Anchy Suy (ed.) (2015) The Family in Russia and China: the Modernization Process. Saint-Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya.
Golod S. I. (1970) Future family: what is it? (The social-ethical aspect). Moscow: Znanie. (In Russ.)
Golod S. I. (1998) Family and marriage: historical and sociological analysis. Saint-Petersburg: «Petropolis». (In Russ.)
Golod S. I. (2000) Russian sexual standards and their transformation (second half of the XXth century). Zhurnal Sotsiologii i Sotsialnoy Antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology]. Vol. III. No. 2: 139–154. (In Russ.)
Gorshkova I. D., Shurigina I. I. (2003) Violence Over Wives in Modern Russian Families. Moscow: Max-Press. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (1992) The Program of Social Work with Mother’s Families. Moscow: Tsentr obshchechelovecheskikh tsennostey. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2001) The transformation of family relations. In: Russia: transforming society. Ed. by V. A. Yadov. Moscow. IS RAN: 272–283 (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2003) Parenting: sociological aspects. Moscow. IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (ed.) (2006) Actual problems of families in Russia. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2008) Marriage and parenting in Russia. Moscow: IS RAN. (in Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2010) Theoretical approaches to family studies. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A., Orlova N. A. (2011) Development of teenager’s personality in different family structures. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.10: 99–107. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (ed.) (2013) Actual problems of the parenting in Russia. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2016) Theoretical Approaches to Family Studies. 2th ed., rev. and added. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Gurko T. A. (2017) Development of marital relations in Russia and implementation of family policy. Sotsyologicheskay nauka i sotsialnaya practica [Sociological science and social practice]. No. 5 (3): 51– 71. (In Russ.)
Hamburg M. I. (1929) Sexual Life of Rural Youth. According to the Questionnaire Conducted Among the Soldiers of the N-th Territorial Division. Saratov: [b.i.]. (In Russ.)
Isupova O. G. (2015) Mothers career: children and employment strategies. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.10: 185–194. (In Russ.)
Kabo E. O. (1928) Essays of Working Life: the Experience of the Monographic Studies of Domestic Worker Life. Vol. 1. Moscow: VTsSPS. (In Russ.)
Karsteva L. V. (2001) Russian Family at the Turn of Two Centuries. Kazan: Shkola. (In Russ.)
Khachatryan L. A., Chadova A. A. (2016) Interethnic family in modern Russian society. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya [Bulletin of the Perm university. Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology]. Vol. 1(25): 127–135. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G. (1964, 1979) Marriage and Family in the Soviet Union. Experience of Sociological Research. 1st ed. Moscow: Mysl; 2nd ed. Moscow: Mysl. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G., Golod S. I. (1971) The Professional Work of Women and the Family. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G. (ed.) (1972) Dynamics of Change of the Position of Women and the Family. In: XII international workshop on the study of the family. Moscow: IKSI AN SSSR, SSA. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G. (ed.) (1977) Changing the Position of Women and the Family. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G., Matskovsky M. S. (1978) Modern Family and Its Problems. Moscow: Statistika. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G. (ed.) (1982) The Family and Society. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Kharchev A. G. (1994) Socialist revolution and the family. From the manuscript heritage. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.6: 90–95. (In Russ.)
Kletzin A. A. (1999) History of sociology of the family in Russia. Diss. … candidate sociological sciences. Saint Petersburg. (In Russ.)
Kletzin A. A. Essay on the history of sociology of the family in Russia (end of XIX–XX century). Saint Petersburg: «Petropolis». (In Russ.)
Kohn I. S. (1988) Child and Society. Moscow. Nauka. (In Russ.)
Kollontai A. (1918) The Family and the Communist state. Moscow, Petrograd: Communist. (In Russ.)
Kostomarov N. I. (1992) Essay on home life and morals of the Russian people in the XVI and XVII centuries. Moscow: Respublika. (In Russ.)
Kovalevsky M. M. (1939) Essay of the origin and development of the family and property. Transl. from French by P. S. Moravskiy. Ed. by O. M. Kosvin. Moscow: OGIZ. (In Russ.)
Lunyakova L. G. On modern level of life of families with single mothers. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.10: 185–194. (In Russ.)
Maddock J. W., Hogan M. J., Antonov A. I., Matskovsky M. S. (eds.) (1994) Families Before and After Perestroika. Russian and U. S. Perspectives. New York: The Guilford Press.
Magomedov A. A. (1999) Family in the North Caucasus. Stavropol: SGU. (In Russ.)
Matskovsky M. S. (ed.) (1987) Family and Social Structure. Moscow: ISI RAN. (In Russ.)
Matskovsky M. S. (1989) Sociology of the Family. Problems of Theory, Methodology and Methods. Main ed. by G. S. Batygin. Moscow. Nauka. (In Russ.)
Matskovsky M. S., Gurko T. A., Holmila M. (1988) Family Factors in Alcohol Consumption Limitation. Sociology and Social Practice (Soviet-finish sociological researches). Ed. by V.A Yadov. Moscow: IS RAN: 78–90 (In Russ.)
Mironov B. N. (2003) Social history of the Russian Empire (XVIII – beginning of XX century). Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg: “Dmitry Bulanin”. (In Russ.)
Mikheeva A. R. (1993) Rural Family in Siberia: Life Cycle and Well-being. Novosibirsk: IEOPP SO RAN (In Russ.)
Noskova A. V. (2014) Family policies in Europe: evolving models, discourses and practices. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 5: 56–77. (In Russ.)
Pankratova M. G. Rural Women in the Soviet Union. Moscow: Mysl’. (In Russ.)
Pavlov B. S. (1992) Sociology: the Problem of Family. Chelyabinsk: UrO RAN, Akademekotsentr. (In Russ.)
Rimashevskaya N., Vannoy D., Malysheva M., Cubbins L., Meshcherkina E., Pisklakova M. A (1999) Window into Russian Private Life. Spousal Couples in 1996. Moscow: Academia. (In Russ.)
Rosanov V. (1991). Family as a religion. In Russian Eros or philosophy of love in Russia. Origin. by V. P. Shestakov. Moscow: Progress: 120–138. (In Russ.)
Rzhanitsyna L. S., Gurko T. A. (2007) Unprotected social sphere. The problem of improvement of child support. Moscow: IS RAN. (In Russ.)
Saralieva Z. Kh., Balabanov S. S., Otdelkina N. T., Ushakova M. V. (2006) Many Children Families in Nizhny Novgorod Region. Nizhny Novgorod: Scientific-research sociological center edition. (In Russ.)
Savinskaya O. B. (2014) Private kindergarten in Russia: routine practices and outlook for institutional development. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.11: 83–90. (In Russ.)
Sinel’nikov A.B., Medkov V. M., Antonov A. I. (2009) Family and faith in the sociological dimension (the results of an interregional and interfaith study). Moscow: KDU. (In Russ.)
Slesarev A., Yankova Z. A. (1969) Woman in an industrial plant and in the family. In Social Problems of Labor and Production. The Soviet-Polish Comparative Study. Moscow: Mysl’. (In Russ.)
Sokolova G. V. (2010) Sociology of the family in Russia. In: Antonov A. I., (ed.) Sociology of the Family: Handbook. Moscow: INFRA-M: 123–150. (In Russ.)
Solodnikov V. V. (2007) Sociology of Social Maladjusted Family. Moscow: Piter. (In Russ.)
Soloviev N. Ya. (1962) The Family in Soviet Society. Moscow: Gospolitizdat. (In Russ.)
Soloviev V. S. (1988) The Meaning of love. In Works in 2 volumes. Vol. II. Prepar., general ed. and introduc. by A. F. Losev, A. V. Gulyga. Moscow: Mysl’. (In Russ.)
Sorokin P. (1916) The crisis of the modern family (sociological essay). Ezhemesyachnyy zhurnal literatury, nauki i obshchestvennoy zhizni [Monthly magazine of literature, science and public life]. No. 2–3. (In Russ.)
Sylvester “Abbot” (1994) Domostroy. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Tiit E. (ed.) (1982) Researches on the Quality of Marriage. Family Problems. V. Tartu: TGU. (In Russ.)
Tolstokorova A. V. (2013) Ukrainian transnational family as a modernized model of family relationship: panacea, poison of placebo? Sociological Journal [Sotsiologicheskij Zhurnal]. No. 2: 43–64. (In Russ.)
Shevchenko I. O., Shevchenko P. V. Large family – what is it? Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 1: 95–101. (In Russ.)
Shevchenko I. O. (2015) After divorce: fathers and children. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 3: 70–77. (In Russ.)
Vinogradsky V. G., Vinogradskya O. Ya., Nikoulin A. M., Fadeeva O. P. (2002) Liuba Kouranovskaya’s life circles. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No. 11: 100–109. (In Russ.)
Walters L., Warzywoda- Krushinska W., Gurko T. (1995) Family values of young spouses in different countries. Roczniki Sociologii Rodziny. Vol. VII: 332–349.
Wolfson S. Ya. (1929) Sociology of Marriage and Family. Minsk: BGU. (In Russ.)
Yankova Z. A. (1979) Urban Family. Moscow: Nauka. (In Russ.)
Yurkevich N. G. (1970) Soviet Family. The Functions and Conditions of Stability. Minsk: BSU. (In Russ.)
Zdravomyslova E. (1996) Problems of Becoming a Housewife. In: Women’s Voices in Russia Today. A. Rotkirch, E. Haavio-Mannila (eds.). Darmouth: 33–48.
Zhelobovskiy A. I. (1892) Family Views of the Russian People Is Expressed in Proverbs and Other Pieces of Folk-poetry. Volonezh. Typ. V.I. Isaeva. (In Russ.)