Dynamics of Indicators of Development and Well-Being of Adolescents in Various Types of Families
Gurko T.A.
Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Chief Researcher, Institute of Sociology FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia tgurko@yandex.ru
Gurko T.A. Dynamics of Indicators of Development and Well-Being of Adolescents in Various Types of Families. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2022. No 10. P. 107-116
Based on the data of studies conducted in 1994, 2010 and 2022 on similar samples of adolescents in Moscow, the dynamics of social and psychological indicators of the development and well-being of adolescents in various types of families is analyzed. The first criterion is living with parents (normative, consolidated, maternal), the second is the number of children (small, large) and the third is material and housing security. The development and well-being of adolescents is verified through blocks of variables common to all stages: educational resource; civic qualities; sports and health status; bad habits, sexual experience; psychological well-being (locus of control, self-esteem, neuroticism, feeling of discomfort at home) and life satisfaction. The relationship between the structure of families and indicators of development and well-being of adolescents in 2022 differs from 1994 and 2010. In 2022, teenagers in some structures are not/well off according to some indicators, but not quite well off according to others, and vice versa. The disadvantages of living in the maternal are mainly related to the assessment of health. The empirical conclusion of 1995 and 2010 was not confirmed about the negative impact of stepfamilies on the well-being of girls. The more widespread the non-normative type of family is, the less the living of children in such a structure affects their well-being. The determining factor is the attitude of society and the immediate social environment, the degree of prevalence of stigmas of children from non-normative families. Moscow teenagers in large families in 2022 differ little in the analyzed indicators from teenagers in small families in comparison with 1995, which once again indicates the spread of prosperous large families.The material factor is more important than the structure of families, there are more links with the indicators of development and well-being of adolescents, the strength of the links (V) is higher. To clarify the results obtained, it is necessary to improve statistical information (Rosstat, departmental statistics), i.e. taking into account the diversity of family structures in which children live.
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